{"id":1049,"date":"2021-09-04T20:56:47","date_gmt":"2021-09-04T20:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/?p=1049"},"modified":"2021-09-04T20:56:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-04T20:56:47","slug":"the-complex-but-rewarding-world-of-lubricants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/2021\/09\/04\/the-complex-but-rewarding-world-of-lubricants\/","title":{"rendered":"The Complex but Rewarding World of Lubricants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0164c6\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lubricant Choice And Management May Not Be The Subject Of Much Discussion At Mines. It Should Be.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>By Jonathan Rowland<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to selecting a lubricant, the decision is often based on price. This is understandable in an industry facing operating cost inflation; it is, however, often a false economy. As any lubrication specialist is quick to point out (and <em>North American Mining<\/em> talked to four in the writing of this article), a mine may actually end up increasing expenditure if the lubricant selected does not perform as required.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lubrication selection should instead be considered a part of a mine\u2019s overall reliability equation. As Shell &amp; Whitmore Reliability Solution noted, while lubricants themselves account for only about 1% to 3% of a mine\u2019s budget, they can affect up to 50% of the same budget. By selecting the right lubricant for the application, components operate with less friction, less heat, less wear and longer lifecycles \u2013 with significant reductions in costs possible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-blockquote uagb-blockquote__outer-wrap uagb-block-104c89e7\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__wrap uagb-blockquote__skin-border uagb-blockquote__with-tweet uagb-blockquote__tweet-style-classic uagb-blockquote__tweet-icon_text uagb-blockquote__stack-img-none\"><blockquote class=\"uagb-blockquote\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__content-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__content\"><p>\u201cLubricant selection affects operating costs in a variety of ways, particularly if the mine is spending a lot of money on equipment maintenance or replacement \u2013 or losing revenue to downtime,\u201d explained Shawn Whitacre, senior staff engineer &#8211; engine oil technology at Chevron.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><footer><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__author-wrap uagb-blockquote__author-at-left\"><\/div><a href=\"\/\" class=\"uagb-blockquote__tweet-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"uagb-blockquote__tweet-label\">Tweet<\/span><\/a><\/footer><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe choice of lubricant has a direct impact on equipment durability: if an oil can help you extend an asset\u2019s useful life, you can avoid or at least defer replacement costs. The lubricant also affects reliability, which translates to uptime and availability \u2013 critical to maintaining production levels. And if a large piece of equipment breaks down inside the mine, it takes a lot of time, at a great expense, to get it out of the mine, repair it and put it back in service.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, mining equipment is getting bigger and becoming more efficient. As a result, operating temperatures in mining equipment are increasing. There is also a concurrent push by OEMs to extend service intervals. \u201cThese converging trends call for a more robust lubricant with a high-quality base oil and advanced additive package that can perform under pressure,\u201d continued Whitacre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, the choice of lubricant can also impact fuel economy and drain intervals, while having implications for safety. And there is growing pressure on the mining sector to mitigate its environmental impact in line with climate and sustainable development goals. Demand for greener lubricants is rising \u2013 but if they come with a performance penalty, the costs may outweigh the benefits. All of this makes selecting a lubricant a complex equation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" src=\"http:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_1-1024x668.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_1-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_1-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_1.jpg 1027w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Lubricant?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Jon Brown, senior global segment manager &#8211; mining at Quaker Houghton, there are three sets of factors that should go into any lubrication selection: OEM recommendation, on-site process optimization and sustainability goals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The OEM recommendation outlines the basic properties necessary in a lubricant to ensure smooth operation, including ISO grade, viscosity, temperature constraints, flammability ratings and load carrying capability. \u201cWhile some approved lubricants may be specific, others could be general classes with a wide variety of options available,\u201d explained Brown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-blockquote uagb-blockquote__outer-wrap uagb-block-080828dc\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__wrap uagb-blockquote__skin-border uagb-blockquote__with-tweet uagb-blockquote__tweet-style-classic uagb-blockquote__tweet-icon_text uagb-blockquote__stack-img-none\"><blockquote class=\"uagb-blockquote\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__content-wrap\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__content\"><p>\u201cIt is also important to understand that the initial recommendation is based on ideal settings in a controlled environment, which may differ from conditions seen in practice.\u201d<\/p><\/div><footer><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__author-wrap uagb-blockquote__author-at-left\"><\/div><a href=\"\/\" class=\"uagb-blockquote__tweet-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"uagb-blockquote__tweet-label\">Tweet<\/span><\/a><\/footer><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOEMs spend substantial amounts of time and money testing lubricants to determine what qualities work best in their equipment,\u201d added Jim Salmon, technical manager at D-A Lubricant Company. \u201cThey require a lubricant that meets or exceeds the standards they deem necessary to maintain the life expectancy and performance on their equipment, and to comply with their warranty program.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next step, according to Brown, is to suit lubricant selection to specific site conditions. This will cover all ancillary factors that may affect lubricant performance and optimize equipment functionality, such as whether to use conventional or synthetic lubricants, or additive packages, to increase performance, as well as equipment-specific (e.g., age, current lubricant) and site-specific conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climate, for example, can \u201cplay a major role in how your equipment and lubricant performs,\u201d explained Salmon. \u201cIn humid areas, a lubricant must be able to absorb or shed moisture, depending on OEM requirements. High temperatures can cause lubricants to thin down or lose viscosity. Extremely cold climates can cause equipment to be sluggish due to low lubricant temperature.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final set of considerations relates to health, safety and environmental concerns. Centered on sustainability and long-term goals, these are \u201coften the most overlooked,\u201d according to Brown.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhile many lubricants may work in a given operational parameter, there may be substantial differences with regard to environmental friendliness, worker safety, sustainability initiatives, and best practices. Costs may be difficult to quantify initially, but the value is easy to measure when a long-term perspective is taken. To understand the true cost of a lubricant, a holistic approach must be taken to select a product that will optimize performance while creating sustainable value.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With such a network of overlapping and interrelated factors involved, it is important that lubricant selection is a team decision. As Whitacre summarized: \u201cIt\u2019s important to have procurement work with operations and maintenance teams to ensure the oil meets the specifications for the application in question. Even the finance team should be involved to help assess the impact of lubricant selection on the mine\u2019s overall finances.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"701\" src=\"http:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_2-1024x701.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-922\" srcset=\"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_2-1024x701.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_2-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_2-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_2.jpg 1029w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Maintaining Healthy Lubricants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selecting the right lubricant is only part of the job; making sure it is working effectively is equally \u2013 if not more \u2013 important. Having a lubricant expert involved in the day-to-day operations of a mine can have dramatic results, noted Shell &amp; Whitmore. An effective oil monitoring and analysis program is another effective strategy in maintaining optimal lubrication.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn a perfect scenario, a lubricant operates in a fully-enclosed system, free of contamination and in ideal operating parameters,\u201d summarized Quaker Houghton\u2019s Brown. This \u201cutopian scenario\u201d is however just that \u2013 and therefore impossible to achieve in real-world conditions. In reality, normal operating conditions effect lubricants as they age, contributing to changing characteristics over time. Oil monitoring and analysis \u201callows the operator and supplier to evaluate not only the performance of the lubricant, but also understand how the machine is performing in service.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It also helps avoid every mine\u2019s nightmare: unplanned downtime. \u201cIf a comprehensive oil analysis program is utilized, equipment failure can be prevented,\u201d said D-A Lubricant\u2019s Salmon. \u201cSample results can pick up abnormalities that can then be addressed to prevent failure.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both Brown and Salmon use a medical metaphor to illustrate the point, lubricant being the lifeblood of the machine. Lubrication monitoring and analysis is akin to a blood test, taken as part of a routine physical, that helps medical personnel gain a picture of how the body is working and any treatment that might be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lubricants are designed to meet critical specifications outlined by OEMs, which define parameters for significant properties to ensure optimal performance. As in the human body, aging and contaminants may change typical values. If a lubricant is found to be operating outside of those values, corrective action must be taken.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cData generated from oil analysis can help signal any issues that are occurring in the internal workings of a piece of machinery,\u201d explained Brown. \u201cThis can allow for planned maintenance, root cause analysis, CAPEX allocation, production scheduling and allocation of resources. The ultimate goal is to garner data that can be used to make informed decisions for critical assets used onsite.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, just as medicine relies on specialists, \u201cto determine the most appropriate properties to monitor, the lubricant supplier should be consulted to determine what the critical parameters for performance are,\u201d concluded Brown. This commonly includes monitoring and testing of the following:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cleanliness;<\/li><li>Oxidation;<\/li><li>Microanalysis (bacteria and fungi);<\/li><li>Metals analysis;<\/li><li>Concentration;<\/li><li>Water content;<\/li><li>FTIR spectrometry;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Compatibility; and<\/li><li>Corrosion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFluid analysis is really a low-cost diagnostic and maintenance tool that can save thousands of dollars in repair costs and downtime,\u201d said Whitacre. \u201cTo get started, put together an equipment list, then sit down with your lubricant supplier and OEMs to map out service intervals. Consider operating conditions and temperature fluctuations, which will also influence how often you need to do an analysis. When you send samples to a laboratory, make sure you\u2019re providing complete data, including the precise lubricant product used, make and model of the equipment and the oil age (hours since last oil change). Complete and accurate data is essential for the laboratory to deliver reliable results.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"797\" src=\"http:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3-1024x797.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3-1024x797.png 1024w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3-768x598.png 768w, https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3.png 1030w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Digitalization and Lubrication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Playing an increasingly important role in lubrication management is a wave of new digital technologies. Although such technologies may be easily dismissed as unnecessary or too expensive, \u201cearly adopters have a distinct advantage over those who are hesitating,\u201d argued Quaker Houghton\u2019s Brown.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMonitoring equipment has become smaller, less expensive and more readily adaptable for onsite activities,\u201d continued the expert. \u201cThough the proper control device will vary depending on the lubricant, machinery and industry, nearly all have become commercially available to measure critical values in real-time. The combination of values allows a user to properly analyze performance and plan accordingly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Brown, the true advantage of real-time monitoring lies in removing human error and the time lapse between sampling, analysis and response: \u201cCritical values are collected, analyzed and communicated at the time of sampling. All necessary parties receive the information and can determine the best course of action. Based on the sophistication of the system, corrective actions can be programmed to occur automatically based on the values received.\u201d In short: digitalization of lubricant management allows for enhanced performance optimization, planning and efficiencies. All of which equal cost improvements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Help! My Lubricant is Contaminated<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although in an ideal world, lubricant sampling and analysis would never turn up anything untoward, in reality the mine site and process is an environment full of potential contaminants. And these pose a particular challenge for lubricants. Indeed, contamination is the leading cause of lubrication-related equipment failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Chevron\u2019s Whitacre, there are five different sources of contamination:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Raw materials.<\/strong> \u201cIt may come as a surprise that new lubricants are usually not clean enough for OEM specifications,\u201d said Whitacre. \u201cIf you are not starting with a clean lubricant, damage is bound to occur. Making sure a lubricant is certified to meet or exceed the OEM\u2019s ISO specification is critical.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Operational discipline.<\/strong> Operators \u201cmust maintain lubricant cleanliness,\u201d explained the Chevron expert. \u201cWithout the appropriate in-line filters, breathers or controls on air and water ingressions, contaminants will get into the lubricant while the equipment is running.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Maintenance workmanship.<\/strong> Tools such as funnels and open-air containers used to relubricate equipment collect small particle contaminants from the environment and transfer them into the lubricant during change-out or top-offs.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Material storage.<\/strong> Old-style flip caps on bulk tanks, open bungs on drums, or storing lubricants outside, where they are exposed to the elements, all enable contaminants to get into the lubricant. \u201cIf you see water or rust on top of a drum, you most likely also have that inside the drum,\u201d noted Whitacre. \u201cIf you have totes or bulk tanks without an appropriately-managed breather, you have contaminants getting into the oil.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Built-in.<\/strong> Replacement or newly installed components may have contaminants in them from the manufacturing process or from exposure to the open environment.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Controlling contamination \u201cmust be at the top of every equipment owner\u2019s to-do list,\u201d said D-A Lubricants\u2019 Salmon. But how does a mine \u2013 so rich in potential contaminants \u2013 go about doing so?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It starts, according to Shell &amp; Whitmore, with a Contamination Control Audit, during which every aspect of an operation should be assessed to identify where contamination could occur. This will also include an awareness of how contamination risks may change through the day or during operations. As noted above, it is then important that any oil used is certified clean, at the required ISO 4406 cleanliness level. This avoids the hassle of on-site filtration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to handling, storing and managing lubricants, our experts had the following tips:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implement the correct tools, e.g., desiccant breathers and air filters.<\/li><li>Avoid changing the oil until needed.<\/li><li>All hoses, fittings and devices used in the lubricant transfer process should be capped and kept clean.<\/li><li>All lubricant sources and equipment should be clearly identified to prevent cross contamination.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Keep lubricants and fluids in a climate-controlled and clean area.<\/li><li>Never leave a drum or container open to the environment.<\/li><li>Filtering lubricants before dispensing them to a final application can reduce the amount of any contaminants that may enter your component.<\/li><li>Use a labeling program to properly manage the chain of custody and eliminate mixing incompatible fluids.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maintenance crews should be correctly trained on top-off procedures to eliminate human error. It is also important to consider around the lubricant: \u201cRoutine replacement and or cleaning of lubricant filters must be scheduled and carried out,\u201d said Salmon. \u201cSeals are also one of the biggest culprits for dirt ingestion. If a seal is leaking fluid, you can bet it\u2019s also breathing contaminants in.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lubrication and Sustainability:\u00a0A Growing Demand?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A final \u2013 but increasingly important \u2013 consideration for mines is sustainability. In the context of lubrication, this is often taken to mean the use of \u201ceco-friendly\u201d or \u201cgreen\u201d lubrications. It is, however, first important to acknowledge the sustainability value that high-performing lubricants bring. These not only reduce mining costs (as outlined above) but \u2013 by working toward extended oil drain intervals and dialing in automatic lubrication systems \u2013 there is a strong focus on reducing the quantity of lubricants used. As Shell &amp; Whitmore note, a lower volume equates to less exposure of any chemical or lubricant to both workers and the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to environmentally acceptable lubricants, these are required to perform \u201cas well, if not better, than traditional lubricants,\u201d said D-A\u2019s Salmon, and demand is growing. It is not necessarily a simple decision, however; adoption can be slowed by increased cost, compatibility issues, life span of the lubricant, performance concerns or a general lack of knowledge that the different classes exist, added Quaker Houghton\u2019s Brown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The terminology can also be unclear: biodegradable and non-toxic are often used interchangeably \u2013 but mean different things. Biodegradability is defined in two categories: readily and inherently. A readily biodegradable lubricant must decompose &gt; 60% within 28 days; inherently biodegradable lubricants must degrade <em>&gt;<\/em> 20% but <em>&lt;<\/em> 60% within 28 days. Meanwhile, a lubricant\u2019s toxicity level is determined by its effects on aquatic organisms. \u201cKeep in mind a product may be classified as readily or inherently biodegradable and still be toxic,\u201d said Salmon. \u201cIt is important to know which of these properties are required for the application.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the above, it is clear that demand for greener lubricants is growing: vegetable-based, zinc-free, and inherently- and readily-biodegradable products are now offered by many lubricant providers, as are low- or non-toxic lubricants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Best practice around environmental sustainability is not just about choosing green products, concluded Brown, but is a combination of factors that take in both use and disposal. \u201cConsideration should be given to accidental release protocol, responsible sourcing, total carbon footprint, proper waste oil disposal procedures and activities to lower overall usage of lubricants. While environmentally friendlier products should be considered where feasible, an overarching lubricant lifecycle plan is necessary to ensure that environmental exposure and impact can be minimized in everyday use and as part of an emergency response plan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Complex but Rewarding<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brown\u2019s last comment echoes a theme running through this article: lubrication \u2013 so often judged on price alone \u2013 is a much more complicated business. The benefits of taking the time to understand the subtleties is well worth the effort, however. In a world of heightened awareness of costs, health and safety and environmental sustainability, getting the lubricant right is a key foundation for improvement.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#026aa6\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lubrication Selection for Specific Applications&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drivelines<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The critical question when it comes to driveline components is how long you can get them to last. Factors to consider include cleanliness, operating temperatures, additive formulation and drain intervals, said Chevron\u2019s Shawn Whitacre. \u201cLook for a fluid that is certified to the cleanliness standards for the component. Loads of up to 400 tons generate very high temperatures in the rear of mining haul trucks, so look at using synthetic lubricants in these applications because of their ability to withstand extreme temperature variations. Look, too, at whether the additive formulation offers sufficient wear protection for the components. Finally, you don\u2019t want to change-out a driveline fluid for 4,000 or 5,000 hours \u2013 in other words, once every couple of years \u2013 so you want a fluid that can handle heavy loads, high temperatures, and rugged operating conditions, without degrading, over an extended period of time.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engine oils<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engine oil is one of a mine\u2019s largest volume lubricants \u2013 so there is a substantial focus on cost, according to Shell &amp; Whitmore. Using synthetic lubricants can safely extend oil drain intervals from 250 hours up to 1,000 hours. High-performance synthetic lubricants have also been shown to improve fuel consumption (another critical cost) by up to 5%. Ultimately, however, the job of the lubricant is to protect the engine and maximize its operating life; durability is therefore the paramount consideration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A further factor that mining operators may be less aware of is the effect of engine oils on the aftertreatment systems on newer Tier IV engines. \u201cMetallic oil additives are the primary cause of non-combustible ash accumulation in diesel particular filters (DPFs),\u201d explained Whitacre. \u201cWhen you have to take a piece of equipment out of service to clean or repair the DPF, it means downtime and lost revenue. A clogged DPF can also diminish fuel economy. To mitigate those issues, take a look at using an ultra-low ash (ULA) engine oil.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engine coolants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mines are asking more of their engines today than in the past, while emission reduction requirements result in engines running as higher temperatures. As a result, a \u201csurprisingly large percentage of engine failures are due to cooling system failures,\u201d according to Whitacre. A \u201cstrong, advanced coolant with good heat transfer capabilities and that can last a long time,\u201d is therefore required. \u201cYou also want to avoid having to change coolants frequently, partly because of the time and expense involved, but also because of the environmental impact of coolant waste. By extending coolant life, you reduce the amount of coolant you use, thereby decreasing waste and improving sustainability in your operations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Open gears<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the most critical equipment at mines rely on open gears, including electric shovels, draglines and mills. Electric shovel and dragline open gears are multi-directional and may be exposed to wide temperature ranges. The open gear lubricant (OGL) also needs to be pumpable through a centralized lubrication system. Achieving both pumpability and protection can be a challenge, especially in winter months, and highlights the importance of utilizing specialty expert-backed lubricants, Shell &amp; Whitmore said. In contrast, mill open gears are one directional and often located in a processing plant with semi-controlled climate. It is, however, critical for an OGL to remain fluid on a mill, so it does not build up in the tooth root or bull gear cover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Shell &amp; Whitmore, most OEMs have approved specifications for grease-type, asphaltic and high-viscosity compound-type OGLs. Asphaltic OGLs are typically the least expensive but also have the largest amount of waste and environmental concerns, while greases tend to thicken in place \u2013 a benefit on a shovel but a potential deterrent on a mill. The latest technologies are high-viscosity (15,000 cSt at 40\u02daC) compounds (synthetic and mineral), which work on a hydrodynamic lubrication regime, rather than the boundary lubrication regime of other alternatives. The high-viscosity fluids are typically transparent, making mill inspections easier, and eliminate the cost of cleaning the teeth for inspection; they are typically also more environmentally friendly than their asphaltic counterparts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lubricant Choice And Management May Not Be The Subject Of Much Discussion At Mines. It Should Be.\u00a0 By Jonathan Rowland When it comes to selecting a lubricant, the decision is often based on price. This is understandable in an industry facing operating cost inflation; it is, however, often a false economy. As any lubrication specialist is quick to point out&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[565,559,562,560,561],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","tag-green-lubricants","tag-lubricants","tag-on-site-filtration","tag-quaker-houghton","tag-shell-whitmore"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Image_3.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1049"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1050,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions\/1050"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/northamericanmining.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}